Adjectives with -ing and -ed in English

In English, there are some pairs of adjectives, which differ only in the end. This can either be — ing, or — ed. But this is the end, and this affects the value of the parts of speech in English. What is the main difference between them? Let’s look at this situation. We decided to see the new film. Half an hour later we realize that the film is incredibly boring and uninteresting, but still trying to look into its contents. Another twenty minutes later we realize that and we lost interest, and, therefore, too boring. What adjectives rather with what endings, we apply in the first and second cases?

Talking about the film, we tell what effect it produces on the person. It is the active value. The film is uninteresting and boring — not interesting, boring. In this case, we will need to adjectives — ing in English. But the ending — ed adjectives implies description of feelings, emotions, the human condition caused by any action. This value is already passive. We’re not interested and boring — not interested, bored. To summarize, we find that on adjectives — ing in English define an action exerted on the human kind of effect, and the human condition in this effect is already expressed in the adjective — ed in English. It is possible to remember one of the two formulas:

1. Somebody is — ed if something (or smb) is — ing.
2. If something (or smb) is — ing, it makes you — ed.

Suppose you do not have to be difficult or confusing the explanation, the examples you’ll see that it’s much easier.

It’s been raining all day. I hate this weather. The weather is depressing. This weather makes me feel depressed. — All day the rain. I hate this weather. Weather depressing. Because of the weather I feel oppressed.

In the first sentence on the adjective — ing in the English language, because we are talking about the impact of weather on me. The second sentence is necessary to adjective — ed, because I’m talking about how to feel because of this weather.

Mathematics is one of my main interests. I am interested in mathematics. I find mathematics very interesting. — Mathematics — this is one of my main hobbies. I am interested (interested) in mathematics. I think math is very interesting.

In the first case, the adjective used to — ed, because I describe the emotions that I have is that science, and in the second case, the adjective on — ing explains what to me is an interesting mathematics, that is, has a definite impact on me.

I think the two examples with detailed analysis is sufficient, the following things should be self-explanatory:

I turned off the television in the middle of the program. The program was boring. I was bored. — I turned off the TV in the middle of the transfer. It was boring. I’m bored.

She is going to Portugal next month. She has never been there before. She is really excited about going there. It will be an exciting experience for her. — She’s going to Portugal next month. She had never been in that country. She is delighted with the trip to this country. It will be a fascinating experience for her.

Kerry teaches children. It’s hard job. She often finds her job exhausting. At the end of the day she is often exhausted. — Carey teaches children. It is a difficult job. Often, she makes sure that her work is exhausting. Often at the end of the day, she feels tired.

We were all horrified when we heard about the disaster. — We were all terrified when they heard about the accident.

I had never expected to be offered the job. I was really amazed when I was offered it. — I never expected that I will be offered the job. So I was really surprised when it happened.

Please note that on adjectives — ed in the English language often used with certain pretexts, but only if further pointed out what caused this condition:

• I am interested in mathematics.
• She is really excited about going there.

Otherwise, do not need an excuse:

• The weather makes me feel depressed.
• I was bored.
• She is often exhausted.
• We were all horrified.
• I was really amazed.

What other adjectives to — ing and — ed in the English language?

Below are a pair of the most used adjectives from this topic:

1. Surprising (amazing, unexpected) — surprised (amazed, shocked)
2. Disappointing (disappointing) — disappointed (disillusioned, frustrated)
3. Tiring (tedious, exhausting) — tired (tired, exhausted)
4. Fascinating (charming, charming) — fascinated (indifferent, Enchanted)
5. Amusing (funny, funny) — amused (astonished, cheerful)
6. Astonishing (amazing, amazing) — astonished (surprised, shocked)
7. Shocking (a terrible, shocking) — shocked (shocked, shocked)
8. Disgusting (disgusting, ugly) — disgusted (disgusted)
9. Embarrassing (awkward, shy) — embarrassed (embarrassed, confused)
10. Confusing (confused, uncertain) — confused (bewildered, confused)
11. Terrifying (frightening, terrifying) — terrified (dumbfounded, terrified)
12. Frightening (frightening, terrible) — frightened (scared, dumbfounded)
13. Depressing (depressing, dull) — depressed (depressed, oppressed)
14. Worrying (anxious, emotional) — worried (worried, worried)
15. Annoying (intrusive, annoying) — annoyed (annoyed, annoyed)
16. Satisfying (enjoyable) — satisfied (contented, satisfied)

 

  4664

Grammar